❤Perfect modals.❤

These express us a situation of possibility or also of probability, when combined with HAVE+ PAST PARTICIPLE we turn them into situations that indicate speculation about things of the past, as well as beliefs and events.

These have various modes of use, in these are the following:

repentance or judgments: the verb for this situation is SHOULD always accompanied by (HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE).

Example:

I should have gone to the clinic earlier, but bad luck for me the alarm didn't go off. 😲

My partner should not have done the homework ahead of time, because they haven't explained it yet. 👧

Possibility: this is used when something is uncertain and you don't really know if it's going to happen; the verb MAY or MIGHT is used, as the previous one must also be accompanied by (HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE).

Example:

Sandy could have had a grade in English, but she preferred to sleep over study. 😬

Ability: these measure a person's ability to perform an action, the verb is used (COULD + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE).

Example:

The clinic isn't open on Wednesdays, but she couldn't have known that.😂

Conclusions: as the word says, these situations are used to conclude something that happened. The verb (MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE) is used.

Example:

Elia is sad, something must have happened to her.